Automatic Generation Control System: The Impact of Battery Energy Storage in Multi Area Network

Renewable energy sources (RES) are currently experiencing significant expansion, and the integration of these sources into power systems necessitates more complex auxiliary facilities. Battery energy storage systems (BESS) have been widely recognized in recent literature as an effective means of enhancing control capabilities. This study focuses on the implementation of an Automatic Generation Control (AGC) system with the integration of BESS in a multi-area network. Maintaining system frequency, especially during peak loads, poses challenges for AGC systems. The objective of this study is to investigate the utilization of BESS to enhance AGC for frequency control in power system networks. Additionally, the effectiveness of BESS in improving frequency control in multi-area networks is demonstrated through several case studies. The AGC and BESS simulations were conducted using MATLAB Simulink to evaluate the proposed frequency control method's effectiveness. &nbsp

Automatic Generation Control System: The Impact of Battery Energy Storage in Multi Area Network

Renewable energy sources (RES) are currently experiencing significant expansion, and the integration of these sources into power systems necessitates more complex auxiliary facilities. Battery energy storage systems (BESS) have been widely recognized in recent literature as an effective means of enhancing control capabilities. This study focuses on the implementation of an Automatic Generation Control (AGC) system with the integration of BESS in a multi-area network. Maintaining system frequency, especially during peak loads, poses challenges for AGC systems. The objective of this study is to investigate the utilization of BESS to enhance AGC for frequency control in power system networks. Additionally, the effectiveness of BESS in improving frequency control in multi-area networks is demonstrated through several case studies. The AGC and BESS simulations were conducted using MATLAB Simulink to evaluate the proposed frequency control method's effectiveness. &nbsp

Analysis Of An Energy Storage Sizing For Grid-Connected Photovoltaic System

This paper present on the analysis of an energy storage sizing for a small grid-connected PV system. This project is to study the proper sizing of energy storage (battery) in a grid-connected PV system for consumers whom purchase and sell electricity from and to the utility grid. The goal is to minimize the total cost of the operation for a consumer with a PV system with a battery storage system. This is to make sure that minimizing the total annual operating cost while maintaining an efficient system. This study uses typical consumer load consumption, and solar irradiance data throughout a year, while varying the type of battery storage (study lead acid and Lithium ion battery) as an energy storage for a similar system. Since lithium ion is not the main options to be integrated with PV system, this study will then reveal the data in terms of cost on why it is not a popular choic

Power Forecasting from Solar Panels Using Artificial Neural Network in UTHM Parit Raja

This paper presents a step-by-step procedure for the simulation of photovoltaic modules with numerical values, using MALTAB/Simulink software. The proposed model is developed based on the mathematical model of PV module, which based on PV solar cell employing one-diode equivalent circuit. The output current and power characteristics curves highly depend on some climatic factors such as radiation and temperature, are obtained by simulation of the selected module. The collected data are used in developing Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model. Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) and Radial Basis Function (RBF) are the techniques used to forecast the outputs of the PV. Various types of activation function will be applied such as Linear, Logistic Sigmoid, Hyperbolic Tangent Sigmoid and Gaussian. The simulation results show that the Logistic Sigmoid is the best technique which produce minimal root mean square error for the system

Performance comparison of PEMFC hydrogen reformer with different controllers

The renewable energy technology has become very popular due to major constraint in the existing electrical system such as high electricity demand, increased in fuel prices and concern of environmental pollution. The aims of this project are to develop a complete Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) model with hydrogen reformer by using MATLAB/ Simulink with three different controllers and comparison between the three controllers will be discussed. This project presents the development of methods to solve the problem of PEMFC output voltage by using different controllers which are Proportional Integral (PI), Proportional Integral Derivatives (PID) and Proportional Integral Fuzzy (PI-Fuzzy) controllers. The Ziegler Nicholas tuning method is used to tune PI and PID gains in a Simulink model. It helps the system to achieve a balance between performance and robustness for both controllers. The Mamdani type was used to develop the fuzzy controller in Simulink model. The transient performances that will be discussed are rise time, settling time, maximum overshoot, and percentage of overshoot. The results show that the proposed PI-Fuzzy is better than the conventionally used PI and PID controllers

Stability Assessment On Inertial Response For Automatic Generation Control System

Integration of more renewable energy sources (RES) undoubtedly bring more impact into power system. The distributed generation of RES in grid-connected knowingly will interfere frequency system’s stability due to decoupling to at point of common coupling. Inertia plays main role for bringing up frequency regulation at very early stage of frequency responses. Thus, to include RES such as solar photovoltaic (PV) and wind turbine (WT) could be a good idea but ideally PV has no inertia while WT only partially inertia. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to do an assessment on frequency stability specifically on inertial response with regard to unit commitment e.g. synchronous generator and RES participation. However, to know certainly the inertia constant (H) for each generator with respect to its rating ultimately difficult as it can varies depending to several factors i.e. unit type and manufacturer. Hence, an equation is proposed and yielded to facilitate for H determination of synchronous generator. The proposed equation is tested with other IEEE systems for its accuracyness. The estimated values are then simulated in various scenarios and cases i.e. increment of inertia, splitting of unit commitment and RES participation toward inertial response. MATLAB Simulink software is used to simulate and analyze the end results. Finally, the famous Kundur’s 4 Machine Two-Area Test system is used to verify the effectiveness for entire findings

Performance Comparison Of PEMFC Hydrogen Reformer With Different Controllers

The renewable energy technology has become very popular due to major constraint in the existing electrical system such as high electricity demand, increased in fuel prices and concern of environmental pollution. The aims of this project are to develop a complete Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) model with hydrogen reformer by using MATLAB/Simulink with three different controllers and comparison between the three controllers will be discussed. This project presents the development of methods to solve the problem of PEMFC output voltage by using different controllers which are Proportional Integral (PI), Proportional Integral Derivatives (PID) and Proportional Integral Fuzzy (PI-Fuzzy) controllers. The Ziegler Nicholas tuning method is used to tune PI and PID gains in a Simulink model. It helps the system to achieve a balance between performance and robustness for both controllers. The Mamdani type was used to develop the fuzzy controller in Simulink model. The transient performances that will be discussed are rise time, settling time, maximum overshoot, and percentage of overshoot. The results show that the proposed PI-Fuzzy is better than the conventionally used PI and PID controllers

Modeling Of A Planar Sofc Performance Using Artificial Nueral Network

The Planar Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (PSOFC) is one of the renewable energy technologies that is important as the main source for distributed generation and can play a significant role in the conventional electrical power generation. PSOFC stack modeling is performed in order to provide a platform for the optimal design of fuel cell systems. It is explained by the structure and operating principle of the PSOFC for the modeling purposes. PSOFC model can be developed using Artificial Neural Network approach. The data required to train the neural net-work model is generated by simulating the existing PSOFC model in the MATLAB/ Simulink software. The Radial Basis Function (RBF) and Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) neural networks are the most useful techniques in many applications and will be applied in developing the PSOFC model. A detailed analysis is presented on the best ANN network that gives the greatest results on the performances of the PSOFC. The simulation results show that Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) gives the best outcomes of the PSOFC performance based on the smallest errors and good regression analysis

Frequency Control Reserve With Multiple Micro Grid Participation For Power System Frequency Stability

The introduction of this micro grids into the conventional distribution network system forces a new challenge to the system operation. The failure factor of the power system performance essentially due to the limitation of electrical power generation in which could not meet the load demand. In order to maintain the frequency stability of the system, the power sources must be matched instantaneously among all generators and constantly supply to the load demand. A deviation of system frequency from the set-point value will affect the entire stability of power system network. This paper investigates the impact of utilizing multiple micro grids in supporting and facilitating on grid’s frequency. A method called Frequency Control Reserve (FCR) is introduced, with intention to share the excessive power from all available micro grids. These power will be controlled effectively before being injected into the main grid to stabilize the power frequency. Simulation using MATLAB Simulink have been used to simulate the result and shows great potential to be integrated with distributed generation i.e. solar photovoltaic (PV) for Malaysia power system vicinit